Polish

The Polish language directly belongs to the West Slavic group of the Indo-European language family. As of 2007, almost 40 million people speak it. It is officially recognized in Poland. It is also widely used in some European countries, in Australia, as well as in North and South America. Moreover, it was gained the status of a regional language in some states of the EU in particular areas with the most number of Poles population.

Features of the Polish language

The Polish language differs from most other Slavic languages in that it does not contrast vowels on the basis of longitude (short and long vowels). In addition, the flat vowels have been preserved in the process of development. But the sibilant sounds are presented quite widely, in 2 groups: hard and soft. Personal and possessive pronouns can be either short or full. The future tense in Polish exists in two types at once.

The literary basis was formed on the basis of two dialects: Malo - and Velikopolsky. The first work in written Polish appeared in the 14th century. Historically, the literary language appeared at the beginning of the 16th century, when it was actively used instead of the widespread Latin. The language established in the 19th century: a certain layer of work was accumulated then, literature developed actively, both scientific and journalistic, as well as fiction. The Polish alphabet is Latin.

There is not much difference between the colloquial version of the Polish language and the literary version. As for the dialects, they are not expressed clearly, although they are still present (Warsaw, Poznan, and Krakow). Some researchers also distinguish Lviv, Silesian, and Vilna. The Polish language is characterized by sociolects; as a striking example, you can turn to the urban jargon of Warsaw.

The Polish language is currently facing some stagnation. The last striking attempt of reformation was undertaken by the futurists in the 1920s. They offered to bring spelling and pronunciation closer together. They published works written according to their rules. But generally, their idea was not crowned with success.

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